Diverticulosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Raosaheb Rathod , Gastroenterologists Medical

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1. Causes 2. Find a Doctor 3. Diagnosis 4. Treatment 5. FAQs

Diverticulosis is a condition in which small, bulging pouches called diverticula develop in the lining of the colon, most commonly in the lower part of the large intestine. It is common in older adults and often causes no symptoms. However, some individuals may experience mild digestive discomfort or develop complications such as diverticulitis or bleeding. Early diagnosis and appropriate lifestyle and dietary measures can help reduce symptoms and lower the risk of complications.

What are the Types of Diverticulosis?

Right-Sided Diverticulosis: Common in Asian populations, diverticula form mainly on the right side of the colon.
Left-Sided Diverticulosis: More common in Western countries, with diverticula primarily affecting the left side of the colon, particularly the sigmoid colon.
Symptomatic Diverticulosis: When diverticula cause symptoms like bloating, abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits but without inflammation (diverticulitis).
Asymptomatic Diverticulosis: In most cases, diverticula exists without causing any noticeable symptoms.

What are the Symptoms of Diverticulosis?

The signs and symptoms of diverticulitis are as follows:

Pain in the side and back, below the ribcage, is severe and intense
Pain in the lower abdomen and groyne that radiates
Urinating causes pain or a burning sensation.

Other signs and symptoms may include:

Pain in the lower left side of the abdomen
Nausea
Vomiting
Fever
Abdominal pain
Constipation
Diarrhea

What are the Causes of Diverticulosis?

Weak Colon Walls: Diverticula form when naturally weak areas of the colon give way under strain.
Increased Pressure: High pressure inside the colon can cause the formation of small pockets (diverticula) in the colon wall.
Low-Fiber Diet: A diet low in fiber leads to constipation and increased pressure in the colon, which can contribute to diverticulosis.
Aging: The risk increases with age as the colon wall weakens over time.
Genetics: Family history and genetic factors may play a role in the development of diverticulosis.

When to See a Doctor for Diverticulosis?

Individuals with persistent abdominal discomfort, changes in bowel habits, or rectal bleeding should consult a Medical Gastroenterologist to determine whether symptoms are related to Diverticulosis or another digestive condition.

You should see a doctor if you experience:

Persistent abdominal discomfort or bloating
Ongoing constipation or changes in bowel habits
Small amounts of blood in the stool

Seek immediate medical attention if you:

Develop severe abdominal pain with fever
Experience heavy rectal bleeding or dizziness
Have persistent vomiting or signs of bowel obstruction

These symptoms may indicate diverticulitis, significant bleeding, or another serious gastrointestinal condition requiring urgent treatment.

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How is Diverticulosis Diagnosed?

Acute diverticulitis is frequently detected during a flare-up. Abdominal discomfort can be a sign of a variety of issues, your doctor will need to rule out other possibilities. Your doctor will begin by performing a physical examination, which will include a check for soreness in your abdomen. A pelvic examination is usually performed on women to rule out pelvic illness. Following are some tests the doctor will prescribe:

Tests of the blood and urine to look for evidence of infection.
A pregnancy test is used to rule out pregnancy as a cause of abdominal pain in women of childbearing age.
To rule out liver-related causes of stomach pain, a liver enzyme test is performed.
In those who experience diarrhea, a stool test is used to rule out infection.

What are the Treatment for Diverticulosis?

High-Fiber Diet: Increasing dietary fiber helps reduce pressure in the colon and prevent diverticula formation.
Fiber Supplements: Products like psyllium husk or methylcellulose are often recommended if dietary fiber is insufficient.
Hydration: Drinking plenty of water helps prevent constipation and reduces strain on the colon.
Probiotics: These may improve gut health and help manage symptoms like bloating or irregular bowel movements.
Pain Relievers: Mild pain can be managed with over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen (avoid NSAIDs).
Treatment of Complications: If diverticulosis progresses to diverticulitis, antibiotics or surgery may be necessary for infections or severe cases.

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What are the Difference Between Diverticulosis Vs Diverticulitis?

Diverticulosis and diverticulitis are related conditions but differ significantly. Diverticulosis refers to the formation of small pouches (diverticula) in the colon wall, often without symptoms. It is generally harmless and managed with a high-fiber diet, hydration, and probiotics.

In contrast, diverticulitis occurs when these pouches become inflamed or infected, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and changes in bowel habits. While diverticulosis is usually benign, diverticulitis can be severe and may result in complications such as abscesses or perforation. Treatment for diverticulitis includes antibiotics, pain relief, and, in severe cases, surgery.

What are the Risk Factors of Diverticulosis?

The following factors may increase the risk of developing diverticulitis:

The risk of this increases with age, it can occur after 40 mostly.
Being overweight increases the chances of getting diverticulitis.
People who smoke cigarettes very often are more likely to get diverticulitis.
Lack of physical activity and inactiveness will increase the risk.
A diet that has low fibre and a high intake of animal fat might increase the risk.
Some medications such as steroids, opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might cause this.

What is the Recovery Process for Diverticulosis?

Recovery involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle and preventing progression of the condition.

Gradually increasing fiber intake in the diet.
Staying well hydrated.
Regular physical activity to support digestion.
Following medical advice and dietary recommendations.
Routine monitoring to prevent complications.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How does diverticulosis affect waste removal?

Diverticulosis causes small pouches to form in the walls of the colon. Sometimes, waste material can get trapped in these pouches, leading to discomfort or inflammation.

2. Is diverticulosis a serious condition?

Diverticulosis itself is usually harmless, but complications like diverticulitis can arise if the pouches become infected or inflamed, potentially leading to more severe issues.

3. Can diverticulosis be prevented?

A high-fiber diet, maintaining a healthy weight, staying hydrated, and regular exercise can help prevent diverticulosis. These lifestyle choices promote healthy bowel movements and reduce the risk of developing pouches in the colon.

4. What are the Complications of diverticulosis?

Diverticulosis can lead to complications like diverticulitis (inflammation of diverticula), bleeding, abscesses, perforation, peritonitis, and fistulas. These can require medical intervention, including surgery in severe cases.

5. What are the Home remedies for diverticulosis?

To manage diverticulosis, increase fiber intake, drink plenty of water, exercise regularly, avoid straining during bowel movements, and manage stress. Consult a healthcare provider before starting any home remedies.

6. What happens if diverticulosis goes untreated?

If untreated, diverticulosis can lead to diverticulitis, bleeding, infection, and perforation. These complications may require hospitalization or surgery and can be life-threatening if not managed promptly.

7. What is the life expectancy of diverticulosis?

Diverticulosis itself typically does not affect life expectancy. However, complications like diverticulitis can lead to serious health risks. Timely treatment and lifestyle changes can help manage the condition effectively.