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What is Cylindroma?
Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Rajitha Alluri , Dermatologist
Cylindroma is a rare type of benign skin tumor that usually appears as small, dome-shaped lumps on the scalp, face, or neck. These growths are often slow-growing and non-cancerous but can be mistaken for other skin conditions. While most cylindromas are harmless, some may grow large or occur in groups, especially in inherited cases, requiring medical attention or surgical removal.
What are the Symptoms and Signs of Cylindroma?
Cylindromas are usually small, painless skin bumps that often develop on the scalp or face. While harmless at first, they may slowly grow or multiply over time, especially in inherited cases. Larger tumors or clusters can cause cosmetic concerns or discomfort.
Common signs include:
- Small, round, or dome-shaped lumps
- Most commonly found on the scalp or face
- Smooth surface, firm to the touch
- Single or multiple growths (especially in inherited cases)
- May grow larger over time or fuse together (turban tumors)
- Rarely ulcerate or cause discomfort unless irritated
In some cases, multiple cylindromas can merge, covering large areas of the scalp and leading to cosmetic concerns or pressure on nearby tissues.
What are the Types of Cylindroma?
Cylindromas can appear as single, random skin lumps or as multiple inherited tumors. Sporadic cylindromas usually occur in adults without a family history, while familial types are linked to genetic conditions like Brooke-Spiegler syndrome and often involve other skin tumors too.
Sporadic Cylindroma
- Appears as a single tumor
- Usually develops in adulthood
- No family history involved
Familial Cylindroma (Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome)
- Inherited genetic condition
- Multiple tumors across the scalp, face, or neck
- May be associated with other skin tumors like trichoepitheliomas and spiradenomas
- Passed down in families (autosomal dominant pattern)
What Causes Cylindroma?
The exact cause of sporadic cylindroma is unclear, but familial cylindromas are linked to mutations in the CYLD gene, a tumor suppressor gene. When this gene doesn't work properly, skin cells may grow abnormally and form tumors.
Risk factors include
- Family history of skin tumors
- Genetic mutations (CYLD gene)
- Female gender (more common in women)
- Age over 40 for sporadic cases
Cylindroma is considered a rare skin tumor and is often grouped under genetic skin disorders when inherited.
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Get Second OpinionHow is Cylindroma Diagnosed?
Diagnosis usually begins with a clinical examination by a dermatologist. Since cylindromas resemble other skin lumps, a biopsy is often performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Diagnostic steps may include
- Physical examination of the skin lump
- Dermoscopy to check surface patterns
- Skin biopsy to analyse tumor cells under a microscope
- Genetic testing if multiple tumors are present or if a family history is suspected
- The biopsy helps distinguish cylindroma from more serious conditions like basal cell carcinoma or other benign skin tumors.
What is the Treatment for Cylindroma?
Most cylindromas are benign and can be monitored unless they grow large or become cosmetically troubling. In such cases, removal is the best option.
Treatment options include
- Surgical excision: Complete removal of the tumor, especially if large or bothersome
- Electrosurgery or laser removal: Used for small or superficial lesions
- Mohs surgery: For tumors in sensitive areas like the face to minimize scarring
- Cryotherapy: Less common but may be used for superficial lesions
- Genetic counseling: For inherited cases to assess family risk
Regular follow-ups are recommended for patients with multiple or recurring lesions.
Can Cylindromas Become Cancerous?
Most cylindromas are non-cancerous, but rare cases of malignant transformation have been reported, especially in longstanding or large tumors. This is more common in individuals with Brooke-Spiegler syndrome.
Warning signs of cancerous change include
- Rapid growth
- Ulceration or bleeding
- Pain or tenderness
- Change in color or shape
If any of these symptoms are present, immediate medical evaluation is necessary.
When Should You See a Dermatologist?
If you notice a new lump on your skin that's growing, changing, or causing discomfort, it's time to consult a dermatologist. A quick check can help rule out serious issues and guide the best treatment.
- You notice a new lump on your scalp or face that is not going away
- A previously diagnosed skin tumor starts growing or changing
- You have multiple skin lumps and a family history of similar lesions
- You are concerned about the appearance of your skin tumors
- There is discomfort, bleeding, or ulceration from a skin bump
- Early evaluation ensures proper diagnosis and prevents complications.
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Living with Cylindroma: What to Expect
While cylindromas are rare, they can affect self-esteem and daily life, especially when located on visible parts of the body like the face or scalp. With proper diagnosis, monitoring, or removal, most people lead a normal life without complications.
Patients with familial cylindromas may require long-term dermatologic care and genetic support, especially if multiple lesions occur over time.
Experience Expert Skin Tumor Care
At Medicover, our experienced dermatologists and surgeons provide comprehensive care for rare skin tumors like cylindroma. Whether you need a skin biopsy, surgical removal, or genetic counseling, we offer personalized solutions using advanced technology and compassionate support.
We understand the impact of visible skin growths and are here to help you regain confidence and comfort.
