040 68334455
WhatsApp
Patient Portal
Home Care
What is Chlamydial Conjunctivitis?
Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Priyanka (Gaikwad) Bhat , Ophthalmologists
Chlamydial conjunctivitis, also called adult inclusion conjunctivitis, is a bacterial eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes D-K), the same bacterium responsible for genital chlamydia.
It spreads when infected genital secretions come into contact with the eye, usually through hand-to-eye transmission. While it mostly affects sexually active adults, newborns can also get infected during delivery.
The infection typically starts in one eye, but can affect both. In newborns, it's called chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum and usually appears within 1 to 4 weeks after birth if the mother has an untreated chlamydia infection.
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to avoid complications and ensure full recovery.
Causes of Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
The primary cause of chlamydial conjunctivitis is the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. There are several ways through which this bacterium can infect the eye:
- Sexual Contact: Direct contact with infected genital secretions can lead to ocular infection.
- Autoinoculation: Transferring the bacteria from the genital area to the eyes through hands or contaminated objects.
- Neonatal Transmission: Infants can acquire the infection during birth from an infected mother.
Understanding the pathways of infection is essential for prevention and control of the disease.
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis Risk Factors
You may be at greater risk if you:
- Are sexually active, especially between ages 15 to 35
- Have multiple sexual partners
- Engage in unprotected sex
- Don't wash hands after sexual activity
- Have a new sexual partner within the last 2 months
Get a second opinion from trusted experts and makeconfident, informed decisions.
Get Second OpinionWhat are the Symptoms of Chlamydial Conjunctivitis?
Chlamydial conjunctivitis often presents with symptoms that can be mistaken for other types of conjunctivitis. Common symptoms include:
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis In Adults
- Red, itchy, or swollen eyes
- Watery or thick, sticky (mucopurulent) discharge
- Light sensitivity (photophobia)
- Gritty or scratchy sensation
- Blurred vision (in advanced cases)
Most people with eye symptoms also have a genital chlamydia infection, which may cause:
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis In Females
- Pain during urination or sex
- Abnormal vaginal discharge
- Pelvic/lower abdominal pain
- Irregular or post-intercourse bleeding
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis In Males
- Painful urination
- Penile discharge
- Itching or burning in the urethra
- Testicular pain
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis In Infants
Typically appears 5 to 14 days after birth and may include:
- Swollen, red eyelids
- Watery or bloody eye discharge
- Pseudomembrane (a white film over the eye)
Advanced Symptoms
If left untreated, the infection can progress, leading to more severe symptoms:
- Swelling: The eyelids may become swollen and puffy.
- Photophobia: Sensitivity to light can develop, causing discomfort in bright environments.
- Blurred Vision: Vision may become blurry due to the discharge and inflammation.
Symptoms of Chlamydial Conjunctivitis( "Person with red, swollen eye")
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis vs. Viral Conjunctivitis
Differentiating chlamydial conjunctivitis from viral conjunctivitis is critical for proper treatment. While they share some common symptoms, certain distinguishing features can help in diagnosis.
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
- Discharge: Mucopurulent and sticky.
- Onset: Gradual, often associated with genital infection.
- Duration: Can persist for weeks if untreated.
- Swelling: Significant eyelid swelling and photophobia.
Viral Conjunctivitis
- Discharge: Watery and less sticky.
- Onset: Sudden, often following an upper respiratory tract infection.
- Duration: Typically resolves within 1-2 weeks.
- Swelling: Mild eyelid swelling, less severe photophobia.
Diagnosis of Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Several diagnostic methods can be employed:
Clinical Examination
A thorough clinical examination by an ophthalmologist can reveal characteristic signs of chlamydial conjunctivitis, such as follicular conjunctivitis and preauricular lymphadenopathy.
Laboratory Tests
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): A highly sensitive test that can detect Chlamydia trachomatis DNA in conjunctival swabs.
- Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) Test: Detects chlamydial antigens in conjunctival cells.
- Culture: Chlamydia trachomatis is growing in cell culture from conjunctival swabs.
What are the Treatment Options for Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
Antibiotic Therapy
The cornerstone of treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis is antibiotic therapy. Oral antibiotics are preferred due to the systemic nature of the infection:
- Azithromycin: A single-dose therapy that is highly effective.
- Doxycycline: An alternative, typically taken for 7-14 days.
Topical Antibiotics
In addition to oral antibiotics, topical antibiotics may be prescribed to alleviate local symptoms:
- Erythromycin ointment: Applied to the affected eye several times a day.
In Infants
- Oral erythromycin is typically prescribed
- Close monitoring for complications like pneumonia is recommended
When to See a Doctor for Chlamydial Conjunctivitis?
Contact a healthcare provider if you experience:
- Red, itchy eyes with unusual discharge
- Eye discomfort after recent sexual contact
- Symptoms of a genital chlamydia infection
- New sexual partners or multiple partners
Pregnant individuals should undergo routine STI screenings to prevent transmission to their newborns.
Your health is everything - prioritize your well-being today.
Consult Chlamydial Conjunctivitis Doctors Today
What Precautions Can Help Prevent Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
Follow-Up and Prevention
Follow-up is crucial to ensure the infection has been eradicated. Patients should be advised to:
- Complete the Full Course of Antibiotics: Even if symptoms improve.
- Avoid Sharing Personal Items: Towels, makeup, and other personal items should not be shared.
- Practice Good Hygiene: Regular handwashing and avoiding touching the eyes can prevent autoinoculation.
Complications of Untreated Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
If left untreated, chlamydial conjunctivitis can lead to serious complications:
- Corneal Involvement: Chronic infection can lead to corneal ulcers, scarring, and even vision loss.
- Chronic Conjunctivitis: Persistent inflammation can result in chronic conjunctivitis, which is more difficult to treat.
Our Experience Treating Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
At Medicover, we understand that eye infections like chlamydial conjunctivitis can be both uncomfortable and emotionally distressing. Our dedicated team of ophthalmologists and infectious disease specialists provide timely diagnosis, discreet care, and evidence-based treatment tailored to each patient. With advanced lab facilities and a compassionate approach, we're committed to restoring your eye health while supporting your overall well-being and privacy every step of the way.
