What are Chilblains (Pernio)?

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Divya Manchala , Dermatologist

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Chilblains is also called as pernio, are small, itchy, and sometimes painful swellings on your skin that appear after being in the cold. They happen when your skin is exposed to cold, and then warms up too quickly, causing the tiny blood vessels underneath to expand too fast and leak fluid.

This can lead to red or purple patches, swelling, and a burning or itchy feeling. While chilblains can be uncomfortable, they usually aren't serious and often get better on their own in a couple of weeks.

Anyone can get chilblains, but people with lower body weight may be at higher risk because they have less natural insulation. Even babies can get chilblains if they're not bundled up properly in cold, damp weather.

Clinical features of Chilblains:

They're more common in cold, damp weather and in people with poor circulation. Even healthy people can get them if they don't keep their hands, feet, or ears warm enough.

What Are Common Places Where Chilblains (Pernio) Appear?

Chilblains, also known as pernio, typically appear on parts of the body that tend to get cold easily. They happen when skin is exposed to cold and then warms up too quickly, leading to redness, swelling, and itchiness. Knowing where they usually appear can help you keep those areas warm and protected.

Common places where Chilblains can appear:

Keeping these areas covered, dry, and warm can help prevent chilblains from developing.

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What Are the Symptoms of Chilblains or Pernio?

Chilblains or pernio are small areas of skin that become sore or swollen after being in the cold.

Chilblain symptoms you should notice:

Chilblains usually clear up on their own in a week or two if you keep warm and avoid sudden temperature changes. However, if sores develop, the skin breaks open, or symptoms don't improve, it's best to see a doctor.

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What Are the Causes of Chilblains?

Chilblains happen when your skin reacts badly to sudden changes in temperature, especially from cold to warm. The cold makes the tiny blood vessels near your skin tighten up. This means less blood and oxygen reach those areas, which leads to swelling, redness, and discomfort.

Experts aren't completely sure why some people react this way, but a few things might play a role:

In simple terms, chilblains are your body's way of saying it doesn't like sudden or long-lasting cold. The best way to avoid them is to keep warm and dry, and to warm up slowly after being out in the cold.

What Are the Risk Factors for Chilblains or Pernio?

Some people are more likely to get chilblains than others. Knowing what increases your risk can help you stay one step ahead and avoid those itchy, painful spots.

You're more likely to get chilblains if you:

Certain health conditions also raise your risk:

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How Are Chilblains Diagnosed?

Chilblains are usually diagnosed by examining the skin and discussing your symptoms. Your doctor will start by asking when the redness, swelling, or itching began and whether you were exposed to cold or damp conditions. Most of the time, no special tests are needed because the signs are quite clear.

During the appointment, your doctor may:

In rare cases, if sores don't improve or look infected, your doctor may:

Usually, a careful look and a few questions are enough to confirm chilblains. If you're unsure or your symptoms are severe, it's always a good idea to see your doctor to be sure and get the right care.

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How Are Chilblains Treated?

Chilblains can be uncomfortable, but the good news is they often get better on their own with a bit of care. Most of the time, chilblains go away on their own if you keep warm and dry.

However, if the itching, swelling, or pain persists for more than 2 to 3 weeks, it's advisable to consult a doctor. Chilblain Treatment can help ease discomfort and prevent chilblains from recurring, especially if you frequently experience them.

Here are common treatments for chilblains:

Chilblains Treatment at Home

Prescription Creams (Topical Medicines)

Oral Medications (Pills Taken by Mouth)

Always consult a certified healthcare provider before using any medication or cream. With the right care and medication, most people recover fully in a few weeks.

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When Should You See a Doctor for Chilblains?

Chilblains or Pernio often go away on their own with home care and warmth. But sometimes, they can become a more serious problem. If you're unsure, it's always better to play it safe and check with a doctor.

See a doctor if you notice:

Chilblains can sometimes be linked to other health issues, so a quick check-up helps rule out anything serious.

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What Is the Recovery Process After Chilblain Treatment?

Recovering from chilblains usually takes a few weeks, especially if you follow your doctor's advice and keep your skin warm and dry.

Here's what to expect during recovery:

Most people heal well with these simple steps. If sores don't improve or get worse, see your doctor. Quick treatment can help you feel better faster and avoid long-lasting problems.

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How Can I Prevent Chilblains?

You can lower your risk of getting chilblains, especially in cold or damp weather, by taking a few easy precautions. These steps help keep your skin warm and your blood flowing well.

By making these small changes, you can protect your hands, feet, ears, and nose from painful chilblains. It's all about staying warm, dry, and looking after your skin every day.

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Complications of Chilblains

Chilblains or Pernio are often mild, but if not cared for properly, they can lead to problems. Knowing the possible complications can help you act quickly if things get worse.

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Our Experience in Treating Chilblain (Pernio)

At Medicover Hospitals, we understand how uncomfortable and worrying chilblains, also called pernio, can be. These small, itchy patches often show up when your skin is exposed to cold and then warms up too quickly. We've treated many people who find relief and prevent future flare-ups with our caring, step-by-step approach.

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