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What is Calcinosis Cutis?
Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Rajitha Alluri , Dermatologist
Calcinosis Cutis is a condition in which calcium deposits form in the skin or soft tissues. These hard lumps can vary in size and location and often cause discomfort, skin breakdown, or even infection. Though calcium is essential for bone health, abnormal deposition in the skin can signal an underlying health issue.
It's not a disease itself but a symptom of other medical conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammation, or metabolic imbalances.
What are the Types of Calcinosis Cutis?
Calcinosis cutis is classified into several types based on what causes the calcium deposits in the skin. Understanding the type helps guide proper diagnosis and treatment. The main types include:
- Dystrophic Calcinosis
- Most common type
- Occurs with normal calcium/phosphorus levels
- Linked to damaged or inflamed tissues (e.g., scleroderma, lupus)
Metastatic Calcinosis
- Caused by elevated calcium or phosphate in the blood
- Seen in conditions like kidney failure or hyperparathyroidism
Iatrogenic Calcinosis
- Triggered by medical procedures or calcium-based injections
Idiopathic Calcinosis
- No identifiable cause
- Rare and often localized
Calciphylaxis
- A life-threatening form is seen in chronic kidney disease
- Causes painful skin ulcers and necrosis
What are the Causes of Calcinosis Cutis?
Calcinosis cutis happens when calcium collects in the skin, forming hard lumps just under the surface. There are different types of this condition, depending on the cause.
Dystrophic Calcification
This is the most common type. It occurs when the skin or tissue is damaged, even though the calcium level in the blood is normal. It can be caused by:
- Skin injuries or trauma
- Inflammatory skin conditions (like lupus or dermatomyositis)
- Infections or surgery
Metastatic Calcification
This happens when there is too much calcium or phosphate in the blood. Causes include:
- Chronic kidney disease
- Overactive parathyroid glands
- Certain cancers
- Vitamin D overdose
Idiopathic Calcification
This type appears without a known cause, and often in people who are otherwise healthy.
Iatrogenic Calcification
This occurs due to medical treatments, such as:
- Repeated calcium injections
- Leaking IV medications into the skin
Calciphylaxis
A rare but serious form is often seen in patients with advanced kidney disease. It can cause painful skin ulcers and tissue death.
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Get Second OpinionWhat are the Symptoms of Calcinosis Cutis?
Symptoms depend on the severity and location of calcium deposits. Common signs include:
- Hard, white or yellow lumps under the skin
- Pain or tenderness in the affected area
- Skin ulceration or open sores
- Restricted movement if deposits are near joints
- Secondary infections in broken skin
How is Calcinosis Cutis Diagnosed?
Diagnosing calcinosis cutis requires a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests. A healthcare provider may recommend:
- Physical examination: Checking the skin for hard lumps, discoloration, or ulcerations
- Imaging tests: X-rays or CT scans to detect and measure the extent of calcium deposits under the skin
- Blood tests: To evaluate levels of calcium, phosphate, kidney function, and parathyroid hormone.
- Skin biopsy: In some cases, a sample of affected tissue is taken to confirm the diagnosis and rule out infections or tumors.
What are the Treatment Options for Calcinosis Cutis?
Treatment depends on the type of calcinosis cutis, severity, and any underlying medical conditions:
Medications
- Calcium channel blockers: Help reduce calcium deposits by altering calcium flow in cells
- Bisphosphonates: Used to control abnormal calcium metabolism
- Anti-inflammatory medications: Reduce inflammation and discomfort
- Sodium thiosulfate: Sometimes used topically or intravenously to help dissolve calcium deposits
Surgical Options
- Surgical excision: In cases where calcium buildup causes pain, infection, or skin ulceration, surgical removal may be necessary
Supportive Care
- Proper wound care for any open sores or ulcers
- Regular monitoring and follow-ups for patients with autoimmune or kidney disorders
What's the Recovery Process for Calcinosis Cutis?
Recovery from calcinosis cutis depends on the underlying cause, severity, and response to treatment. While some cases improve with medication or wound care, others may require surgical removal of calcium deposits.
- Chronic forms (like those linked to autoimmune disease) require long-term management.
- Surgical healing may take a few weeks, followed by wound care and physiotherapy if needed.
How Can You Prevent Calcinosis Cutis?
While not all cases are preventable, these steps can reduce your risk:
- Manage underlying conditions like lupus, scleroderma, or kidney disease
- Regular blood tests to monitor calcium and phosphate levels
- Avoid unnecessary trauma to the skin if you're prone to inflammation
- Follow up on any skin changes early to prevent progression
What is the Outlook for Calcinosis Cutis?
The prognosis depends on the cause and how early treatment begins. While some mild cases can remain stable or improve with medication, others may progress without proper care.
Persistent or untreated calcinosis cutis can lead to skin damage, infection, or restricted movement.
When Should You See a Doctor for Calcinosis Cutis?
You should see a doctor if you notice hard lumps under your skin, especially if they are painful, growing, or causing skin ulcers. You should see a doctor if you notice:
- Hard, white or yellowish lumps under the skin
- Painful or tender spots on the skin
- Redness, swelling, or skin changes around a lump
- Open sores or ulcers that don't heal
- Lumps that leak a chalky or milky substance
Also, seek medical care if you have a condition like kidney disease, autoimmune disease, or high calcium levels, and notice new skin growths or discomfort.
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Our Experience in Treating Calcinosis Cutis
At Medicover Hospitals, our specialists are experienced in diagnosing and managing rare skin conditions like Calcinosis Cutis. With advanced diagnostics and a multidisciplinary team for your care, we offer a holistic approach to treatment.
If you're experiencing skin lumps, chronic autoimmune symptoms, or post-surgical complications, consult our expert dermatologists and rheumatologists for early intervention and long-term relief.
