Bilious Vomiting Syndrome: Causes, and Treatments

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Chetan Rathi , Gastroenterologists Medical

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Bilious Vomiting Syndrome (BVS) is an emergency condition in children that causes vomiting of irritated bile, usually green or yellow. It can also indicate a disturbance of the normal digestive process, frequently the small intestine.

BVS is not a disease but rather a sign of other conditions so that early assessment and treatment is important to avoid complications.

What are the Symptoms of Bilious Vomiting Syndrome?

Children with bilious vomiting often show clear signs that shouldn't be overlooked. Early identification and diagnosis will make difference and easy treatment.

Common Symptoms

• Greenish or yellow bile-stained vomiting
• Mild abdominal discomfort
• Reduced appetite
• General irritability or fussiness

Severe Symptoms

• Persistent vomiting
• Distended or swollen abdomen
• Lethargy
• Dehydration signs (dry mouth, sunken eyes)

If your child vomits bile more than once, appears unusually drowsy, or shows signs of dehydration or abdominal swelling, seek immediate medical attention.

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What are the Different Types of Bilious Vomiting Syndrome?

Currently, there are no clinically defined subtypes of Bilious Vomiting Syndrome. It is considered a presenting symptom of several gastrointestinal issues rather than a standalone condition with variants.

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What are the Common Causes and Risk Factors of Bilious Vomiting Syndrome?

Understanding what leads to BVS helps in recognizing and managing the condition early.

Causes

• Intestinal Obstruction (e.g., volvulus, intussusception, or hernia)
• Gastroenteritis caused by viral or bacterial infections
• Biliary Atresia in infants
• Pancreatitis or appendicitis
• Metabolic Disorders

Risk Factors

• Premature birth or low birth weight
• Family history of congenital digestive tract disorders
• Poor feeding patterns in infants
• Recent history of abdominal infections

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How Bilious Vomiting Syndrome is Diagnosed?

Accurate diagnosis for vomiting syndrome is essential to treat the underlying issue behind bilious vomiting.

Common Diagnostic Procedures

• Abdominal X-rays: To check for intestinal blockages or abnormal gas patterns
• Ultrasound: Helps identify structural issues like intussusception or malrotation
• Blood Tests: Detect infection, electrolyte imbalances, and dehydration
• Barium Enema: A specialized X-ray to visualize the intestine

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What are the Treatment Options for Bilious Vomiting Syndrome?

Timely and accurate treatment is key to preventing serious outcomes from bilious vomiting.

Medical Management

• Intravenous fluids to manage dehydration
• Electrolyte correction to restore balance
• Nutrition support via oral rehydration or temporary IV nutrition

Surgical Intervention (if needed)

• Laparoscopy or Laparotomy: Performed if obstruction or malrotation is confirmed

Recovery Timeline

• Non-surgical cases often improve within a few days of supportive care
• Surgical recovery may require a hospital stay of 5-7 days with gradual reintroduction of feeding

Our surgical team provides 24/7 pediatric emergency care, and our patient care coordinators ensure smooth follow-ups and family support throughout the treatment.

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When to See a Doctor?

Bile vomiting in children should never be taken lightly. If your child:

• Vomits green or yellow fluid more than once
• Has ongoing abdominal pain or bloating
• Refuses to eat or drink
• Appears dehydrated

Visit a pediatric specialist immediately. Infants and newborns are especially vulnerable and require urgent care.

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What is the Recovery Process After Bilious Vomiting Syndrome Treatment?

Recovery varies depending on the cause and treatment but usually involves:

• Regular Follow-ups: Every 2-4 weeks post-discharge, depending on severity
• Dietary Guidance: Easily digestible, low-fat foods may be recommended initially
• Monitoring for Recurrence: Watch for signs of vomiting, abdominal swelling, or poor feeding

Medicover's Post-Treatment Support: We offer nutrition counseling, pediatric follow-ups, and 24/7 helpline support to guide families during recovery.

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What Precautions Can Help Prevent Bilious Vomiting Syndrome?

While some causes of BVS cannot be prevented, early attention to digestive health can help.

Prevention Tips

• Prompt treatment of gastrointestinal infections
• Ensure proper infant feeding techniques
• Regular pediatric checkups
• Awareness of family history of GI disorders

Complications if Left Untreated

• Severe dehydration
• Intestinal damage or necrosis
• Liver complications (e.g., from untreated biliary atresia)

Our Experience Treating Bilious Vomiting Syndrome

At Medicover, we understand how distressing it is for parents to see their child in discomfort.

Our pediatric specialists, advanced diagnostic tools, and family-focused care help ensure early detection and effective management of Bilious Vomiting Syndrome, leading to faster recovery and peace of mind.

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