Barrett Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Barrett Syndrome, also known as Barrett's Esophagus, is a condition where the lining of the esophagus is damaged by stomach acid, leading to abnormal changes in the cells lining the lower esophagus.

This disease is often a result of long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), where stomach acid frequently leaks into the esophagus, can cause irritation and inflammation.

How serious is Barrett’s esophagus?

Barrett's esophagus is generally not immediately serious, but due to its small risk of progressing to esophageal cancer (about 0.5% per year), healthcare providers monitor the condition closely.

The process is gradual, as cellular changes move through a precancerous stage (dysplasia) before potentially developing into cancer. If dysplasia is detected, doctors will remove it to prevent further progression.

Get a second opinion from trusted experts and makeconfident, informed decisions.

Get Second Opinion

Causes of Barrett Syndrome

The primary cause of Barrett Syndrome is chronic acid reflux. When stomach acid Often backs up into the esophagus, it can irritate and damage the esophageal lining, leading to the cell changes characteristic of the syndrome. Other causes or risk factors include:

Chronic GERD – Persistent acid reflux is the most common cause of Barrett’s Esophagus.
Obesity – Being overweight can cause pressure in the stomach, which can exacerbate acid reflux.
Smoking – Smoking can impair the lower esophageal sphincter, making it easier for acid to flow back into the esophagus.
Family History – A family history of esophageal cancer or Barrett Syndrome increases risk.
Age and Gender – People over 50, particularly men, are more likely to develop Barrett Syndrome.

Symptoms of Barrett Syndrome

Individuals with Barrett's Esophagus may not experience obvious symptoms. However, common signs of the condition include:

Chronic acid reflux
Heartburn or regurgitation
Difficulty swallowing
Chest pain
Coughing or wheezing, especially at night

Risk Factors of Barrett Syndrome

Several factors increase the risk of developing Barrett Syndrome, including:

Long-term GERD
Smoking
Obesity
Age over 50
Family history of esophageal cancer

Diagnosis of Barrett Syndrome

Barrett Syndrome is diagnosed through tests such as:

Endoscopy – is a process in which a camera attached to a flexible tube is inserted into the esophagus to examine the lining.
Biopsy – Tissue samples are taken during endoscopy to check for abnormal cell growth.
pH Monitoring – Tests to quantify the esophageal acid content over a 24-hour period.

Treatment Options for Barrett Syndrome

While there is no cure for Barrett Syndrome, treatments aim to control symptoms and prevent complications, including esophageal cancer:

Medications – Antacids, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and H2 blockers to reduce stomach acid.
Lifestyle Changes – Dietary adjustments, weight loss, quitting smoking, and raising the head while you sleep can lessen the acid reflux.
Surgical Procedures – In some cases, surgery may be needed to remove damaged tissue or prevent further damage to the esophagus.

Prevention and Prognosis

Early diagnosis and treatment of Barrett Syndrome can significantly reduce the risk of esophageal cancer. Regular monitoring and management of GERD are critical to prevent the progression of the disease. With proper management, many individuals can live a normal life without developing further complications.

Your health is everything - prioritize your well-being today.

Schedule Your Appointment

Conclusion

If you experience frequent heartburn or acid reflux, it's important to see a healthcare provider to check for Barrett Syndrome. Early intervention, lifestyle modifications, and medication can help manage the condition and reduce the risk of serious complications such as esophageal cancer.

Find Our Specialists

Book Doctor Appointment

Name*

Mobile Number*

I agree to the Medicover Privacy Policy

International Patient Services

Still have questions? Speak with our experts now!

040-68334455

Frequently Asked Questions

No, Barrett Syndrome is a complication of chronic GERD. While GERD causes frequent acid reflux, Barrett Syndrome occurs when the lining of the esophagus changes due to the damage caused by acid.

If you have chronic GERD, it is recommended to get screened every 1 to 3 years, depending on the severity of your symptoms and your risk factors. Your doctor will determine the best schedule.

PPIs are commonly prescribed to reduce stomach acid production, helping to manage symptoms of GERD and reduce irritation to the esophagus, which may prevent the progression of Barrett Syndrome.

Barrett Syndrome can take years or even decades to develop after the onset of chronic GERD. However, not everyone with GERD will develop Barrett Syndrome.

Yes, Barrett Syndrome can lead to narrowing or stricture of the esophagus, which may cause difficulty swallowing, a condition known as dysphagia.