Obesity
What is Obesity?
Obesity is defined as having too much bodily fat. It's tough to get a precise measurement of body fat. The BMI (body mass index) is a popular way of determining a healthy weight. BMI, coupled with waist size, should be used as a guide to estimate body fat percentage. Based on your height, the BMI calculates a healthy weight. It takes into account both height and weight for a more accurate estimate than bodyweight alone. A disorder involving excessive body fat that increases the risk of health issues. Obesity often results from ingesting more calories than those burned by exercise and normal daily activities. When a person’s body mass index is 25 or more, then obesity occurs.
Excessive body fat increases the risk of severe health problems. Lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise are the mainstay of treatment. The extra calories are then stored as fat by the body. The body continues to acquire extra fat stores as more calories are consumed each day, leading to obesity and, in the most extreme cases, morbid obesity. Obesity symptoms have been linked to several period serious and sometimes fatal diseases.
To calculate your BMI
- Multiply your weight in pounds by 703
- Divide that answer by your height in inches
- Divide that answer by your height in inches again Then use the chart below to see what category your BMI falls into.
Adult Obesity
| Below 18.5 | Underweight |
| 18.5 – 24.9 | Healthy |
| 25.0 – 29.9 | Overweight |
| 30.0 – 39.9 | Obese |
| Over 40 | Morbidly obese |
Childhood Obesity
For a doctor to diagnose obesity in a child above the age of 2 or a teen, their BMI must be in the 95th percentile for persons their age and biological sex:
| 5% | Underweight |
| 5% to 85% | Normal weight |
| 85% to 95% | Overweight |
| 95% or over | Obese |
| Over 40 | Morbidly obese |
Obesity has the potential to shorten your life. It can also put you at risk for a variety of health problems. These are some of them:
- Diabetes
- Heart disease
- Some forms of cancer
The most common reason for obesity are:
- Genetic influences
- Physiological influences
- Food intake and eating disorders
- Lifestyle
You are more likely to become obese if you live an unhealthy lifestyle.
Your Weight History: You're more likely to be obese as an adult if you were overweight as a child or adolescent.
Pregnancy: Obesity can be exacerbated by pregnancy. After each pregnancy, many women gain weight.
Drugs: Obesity is a side effect of some medications. Steroid hormones and several medicines used to treat psychiatric problems are among them.
Causes
Obesity is a condition in which your body consumes more calories than it expends. Many people used to believe that obesity was caused solely by overeating and under-exercising, as a result of a lack of willpower and self-control. Despite the importance of these elements, doctors consider obesity as a complicated medical issue including genetic, environmental, behavioral, and social factors. All of these elements have a part in a person's weight.
Weight gain and obesity can also be caused by medical diseases such as binge eating disorder (BED), Cushing's disease, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Binge eating disorder (BED) is a type of eating disorder in which a person has recurrent episodes of binge eating. During these episodes, the person consumes a significant amount of food in a short period and feels out of control.
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Symptoms in Adults
Some of the most prevalent signs and symptoms can have a detrimental impact on one's life. Adults commonly experience the following symptoms:
- Excessive body fat accumulation
- Shortness of breath
- Sweating
- Snoring
- Trouble while sleeping
- Skin problems
- Inability in performing some physical
- Fatigue
- Pain
- Psychological impact
Symptom of Children and Adolescents
- Eating disorders
- Fatty tissue deposits
- Stretch marks on hips and back
- Shortness of breath
- Sleep apnea
- Constipation
- GI reflux
- Orthopedic problem
Diagnosist
BMI is used to determine whether or not you are obese. The key factors that go into calculating BMI are height and weight. Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher. In general, this indicates that your body weight is 35 to 40% more than your optimal body weight. Skin calipers can also be used to calculate your body fat. Calipers are a tool for determining the thickness of your skin. The shape of your body is also essential. People with a large waist circumference (apple-shape) have a higher risk of heart disease and diabetes than those with large hips and thighs (pear-shaped). The circumference of the waist is a good indicator of abdominal obesity. Women with a waist circumference of more than 35 inches and men with a circumference of more than 40 inches are at higher risk.
Obesity is usually diagnosed by a doctor performing a physical checkup and recommending specific tests. Some of the exams may include the following:
- Ask you for your health history
- Physical exams ( Measuring Height, Check vital signs- Heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature, Examining the abdomen)
- Check for your BMI
- Check for the health problems
- Blood tests
Treatments
Losing weight through healthy eating, increasing physical activity, and making other lifestyle changes are all common therapies for overweight and obesity. Some people may benefit from weight-management programmers to lose weight or avoid regaining it. Some obese persons are either unable to drop enough weight to enhance their health or are unable to maintain their weight loss.
Some of the specific treatments of obesity that will help are:
- Healthy eating plan and regular physical activity
- Changing the habits
- Weight- Management programs
- Weight-loss drugs
- Bariatric surgery
- Special diets
Prevention
You may take actions to avoid harmful weight growth and related health problems whether you're at risk of obesity, currently overweight, or at a healthy weight. Preventing weight gain is similar to preventing weight loss: daily activity, a nutritious diet, and a long-term commitment to watch what you eat and drink.
Regular Exercise:
To avoid weight gain, you should get 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity movement every week. Fast walking and swimming are examples of moderately demanding physical activity.
Follow a Healthy Diet:
Low-calorie, nutrient-dense foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, should be prioritized. Limit your intake of saturated fat and sweets, as well as alcohol.
Keep Track of Your Weight:
People who weigh themselves at least once a week have a better chance of losing weight. Monitoring your weight can tell you if your efforts are paying off and can help you see little weight gain before it becomes a major issue.
Complications
Obesity can have far-reaching consequences that go beyond weight gain. Your bones and internal organs are both strained by a high body fat-to-muscle ratio. It also increases physiological inflammation, which has been linked to an increased risk of cancer. Obesity is also a major contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes. Some of the complications of obesity are:
- Type 2 diabetes
- Heart Disease
- High blood pressure
- Stroke
- Gallbladder Disease
- Fatty Liver Disease
- High Cholesterol
- Sleep Apnea
- Infertility
