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3.2 Minute

15-07-2024 Team Medicover neurology

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Prachi Rahul Pawar

Seven Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease, Causes, and Cure

Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder that gradually destroys memory and thinking skills. Over time, it affects a person's ability to carry out simple tasks and leads to significant cognitive and physical decline. It is the most common cause of dementia among older adults. Symptoms usually develop slowly and worsen with time, making early diagnosis crucial.

What Causes Alzheimer’s Disease?

Like all types of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease is caused by brain cell death. It is a neurodegenerative condition, meaning it involves the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons.

The brain shrinks over time due to the loss of nerve cells and connections.
The exact cause is still unknown, but plaques and tangles in the brain, genetic factors, and environmental triggers are thought to contribute.

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Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms

Alzheimer’s affects people differently, but some of the main symptoms of Alzheimer's disease include:

Memory Impairment: Forgetting recent events or information.
Disorientation: Confusion about time, place, or identity.
Language Difficulties: Trouble finding the right words or following conversations.
Visual and Spatial Challenges: Difficulty in judging distances or recognizing familiar people.
Task Management Issues: Inability to complete routine activities.
Questionable Judgment: Poor decision-making or risky behavior.
Emotional Changes: Anxiety, depression, or mood swings.
Decreased Initiative: Loss of interest in hobbies and social activities.

These symptoms align closely with the 7 phases of Alzheimer’s, which are outlined below.

The Seven Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease

Stage 1: No Impairment

No symptoms are noticeable.
Brain changes may already be occurring.

Stage 2: Very Mild Decline

Occasional memory lapses (e.g., forgetting names or misplacing objects).
May be mistaken for normal aging.

Stage 3: Mild Decline

Friends and family notice issues with memory and organization.
Trouble finding the right words.
Mild symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease become more evident.

Stage 4: Moderate Decline

Difficulty with arithmetic and short-term memory.
Forgetting recent events or personal details.
Difficulty managing finances.

Stage 5: Moderately Severe Decline

Confusion about time and place.
Forgetting personal information like address or phone number.
Needs help with daily activities but may still remember family and basic facts.

Stage 6: Severe Decline

Inability to recognize loved ones.
Personality changes and behavioral problems.
Loss of bladder and bowel control.
May require full-time care.

Stage 7: Very Severe Decline

Total dependence on others.
Inability to speak or control movement.
Trouble swallowing, which may lead to complications like pneumonia.
Represents the final stages of Alzheimer’s disease, often leading to death.

How Long Does the Final Stage of Alzheimer’s Last?

The final stage of Alzheimer’s disease can last from several weeks to a few years, depending on the person’s overall health and level of care. During this stage, individuals may lose the ability to eat, speak, or move and are highly vulnerable to infections, particularly pneumonia, which is a common cause of death.

How Does an Alzheimer's Patient Die?

While Alzheimer's itself doesn't directly cause death, patients often die from complications such as:

Pneumonia (due to swallowing difficulties)
Dehydration
Malnutrition
Infections from immobility

These are frequently observed in the most difficult stages of Alzheimer's, especially during Stage 7, when the body is no longer able to function independently.

Is There a Cure for Alzheimer’s Disease?

Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease. However, treatments are available to slow down symptom progression and improve quality of life:

Medications

Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine.
Memantine: Regulates activity of glutamate, improving memory and learning.

Lifestyle and Supportive Therapies

Cognitive stimulation therapy.
Physical activity and a healthy diet.
Social interaction to enhance mental well-being.

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Conclusion

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive and irreversible condition that affects millions worldwide. Understanding the seven stages of Alzheimer’s, recognizing early symptoms, and knowing when to seek help are essential for effective management.

While there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, early diagnosis and proper care can significantly improve a patient’s quality of life. If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms, don’t delay—consult a neurologist or dementia specialist today.

Frequently Asked Questions

Genetics can play a role in Alzheimer’s. While having a family history increases your risk, it does not mean you will definitely develop the disease.

In early and moderate stages, patients can often live at home with support. As the disease progresses, full-time care may become necessary.

Caregivers assist with daily tasks, medication, and emotional support. They also ensure safety and help maintain the patient’s dignity throughout the progression of the disease.

Diagnosis typically involves medical history, cognitive tests, neurological exams, and brain imaging like MRI or CT scans. Blood tests may also be used to rule out other conditions.

The Mediterranean or MIND diets, rich in leafy greens, berries, whole grains, nuts, and fish, may support cognitive health and reduce Alzheimer’s risk.

The progression rate varies per person but typically spans 8–10 years from diagnosis to advanced stages. Early diagnosis and treatment may slow progression.