Hydroxyurea Capsule: Benefits, Side Effects and Precautions

Hydroxyurea is an antineoplastic (anti-cancer) agent used to treat melanoma, resistant chronic myelocytic leukaemia, and recurrent, metastatic, or inoperative ovarian and primary squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinomas of the head and neck.

Hydroxyurea 500mg Capsule Uses

This medicine is used by people with sickle cell anaemia to reduce the number of painful crises caused by the disease and to reduce the need for blood transfusions.

Some brands are also used to treat certain types of cancer (such as chronic myelogenous leukemia and squamous cell carcinomas).

Key Benefits:

• Reduces pain crises in sickle cell patients
• Decreases abnormal blood cell production in myeloproliferative disorders
• Slows cancer progression in certain malignancies

Commonly Used For:

• Sickle cell anemia
• Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
• Polycythemia vera
• Essential thrombocythemia
• Certain types of head and neck cancer (in combination with radiation)

Conditions Hydroxyurea Treats:

• Sickle cell anemia: Reduces episodes of pain and acute chest syndrome
• Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): Slows white blood cell overproduction
• Polycythemia vera: Lowers red blood cell count to reduce clot risk
• Essential thrombocythemia: Controls high platelet count
• Head and neck cancers: Enhances the effects of radiation therapy

How Does Hydroxyurea Work?

Hydroxyurea works by:

• Inhibiting DNA synthesis, which stops the growth of rapidly dividing cells (like cancer cells)
• In sickle cell anemia, it increases fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels, which reduces the sickling of red blood cells and improves oxygen delivery

This dual action makes it effective in both oncology and hematology.

Dosage of Hydroxyurea

Dosage Instructions

• Dosage depends on the condition being treated and the patient's weight or blood counts
• For sickle cell anemia: Usually 15-20 mg/kg once daily
• For cancer/blood disorders: May be increased to up to 35 mg/kg/day under strict monitoring

Always follow a doctor's instructions closely and attend regular blood tests.

What Should I Do If I Miss a Dose?

• If you forgot to take any dose, take it as soon as you remember it. If it is already near the next dose, skip the missed or forgotten dose.
• Start taking your following dosages on a regular basis. Don't double your dose to catch up.

What Happens in Case of Overdose?

• Severe bone marrow suppression (low blood cell counts)
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
• Skin inflammation or ulcers

Seek emergency medical help immediately in case of overdose.

Pregnancy Considerations

• Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should avoid the medication.
• Do not inhale dust from the tablets or capsules.

Hydroxyurea Side Effects

Common Side Effects:

• Stomach pain
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea
• Mouth sores
• Constipation
• Skin problems
• Darkened or blackened skin
• Reddened skin
• Mental or mood changes
• Seizures
• Shortness of breath
• Change in the amount of urine.
• Chest pain
• Itching
• Swelling

Serious but Rare Side Effects:

• Severe bone marrow suppression
• Risk of developing secondary leukemia with long-term use
• Leg or skin ulcers
• Liver or kidney dysfunction
• Severe infections due to low immunity

Contact your doctor if you notice fever, unusual bruising, or persistent fatigue.

How to Use Hydroxyurea

Initial Steps:

• Read the medication guide before starting Hydroxyurea.
• Review the guide with every refill.
• Consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions.

Administration:

• Take orally, with or without meals, as directed by your doctor.
• Usually taken once a day.

Precautions and Warning of Hydroxyurea

Precautions for Using Hydroxyurea

Allergies and Ingredients:

• Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to Hydroxyurea or other substances.
• Some inactive ingredients may cause allergic reactions.

Medical History:

Before using Hydroxyurea, tell your doctor if you have:

• Kidney disease
• Liver disease
• Blood or bone marrow disorders (e.g., bone marrow suppression, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anaemia)
• HIV infection
• High blood uric acid levels
• History of radiation therapy

Infection Risk:

• Hydroxyurea may increase the risk of infections.
• Avoid contact with people who have infections like chickenpox, measles, or flu.
• Consult your doctor if exposed to infections.

Reproductive Health:

Avoid pregnancy while taking Hydroxyurea. Use effective birth control:

• Men: During treatment and for 1 year after stopping.
• Women: During treatment and for 6 months after stopping.

Discuss family planning with your doctor if relevant.

Note:

• Do not share this medicine with others.
• The laboratory and/or medical tests (such as complete blood count and kidney/liver function) must be done before you start taking this medicine and while you are taking it.
• Your doctor may also direct you to take folic acid while you are taking hydroxyurea because of the risk of anaemia. Ask your doctor for more details.

Are There Any Age Restrictions for Using Hydroxyurea?

This medication is approved for use in both adults and children, with a particular focus on managing and treating sickle cell anemia. Its effectiveness in reducing complications associated with the disease makes it a valuable option across various age groups. However, special attention must be given when prescribing it to pediatric patients. Due to differences in metabolism, body weight, and overall development, dose adjustments are essential in children to achieve the desired therapeutic outcomes while minimizing potential side effects. Careful monitoring and individualized dosing are recommended to ensure both safety and efficacy in younger patients.

Alcohol or Food Interactions

There are no major food restrictions associated with this treatment or condition; however, it is advisable to take medications with food if stomach upset occurs. Additionally, alcohol consumption should be limited to help reduce strain on the liver and minimize dehydration. This is particularly important for individuals with sickle cell disease, as dehydration can exacerbate symptoms and complications.

Possible Interactions with Other Medications

May Interact With:

• Other chemotherapy drugs (increased bone marrow suppression)
• Antiretroviral drugs (used in HIV) - may enhance toxicity
• Live vaccines - may increase risk of infection

Always inform your doctor of all medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements you are using.

How Should Hydroxyurea Be Stored?

Recommended Storage:

• Store away from light and moisture at room temperature. Don't store it in the bathroom. Keep all drugs away from children and pets.
• Do not flush the medication down the toilet or pour it into the drain unless instructed to do so.
• Discard this product properly when it has expired or is no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or your local waste disposal company.
• Keep tightly closed in its original container
• Wash hands after handling tablets or capsules
• Keep out of reach of children and avoid exposure to crushed tablets or powder.

What Happens If Not Stored Properly?

• May lose effectiveness
• Can be hazardous if handled by children or pregnant individuals

Hydroxyurea vs Hydroxychloroquine

References