Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Khan Mohammed Taha Ali, Hematologist

Overview of Iron Deficiency: Symptoms, Causes and Prevention

One of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies in humans is iron deficiency. Iron is required for the production of hemoglobin, a protein that helps red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body.

Iron deficiency leads to low hemoglobin, reducing oxygen to tissues and muscles. This condition, called iron deficiency anemia, impairs physiological functions and can have serious consequences if left untreated. Iron deficiency is common and comes in various types. Symptoms of iron deficiency in the body can be severe and impact daily life, especially in females and after events such as childbirth.

Iron Deficiency Symptoms

Here are the list of symptoms one can observe due to iron deficiency in the body:

Fatigue

Fatigue—feeling tired or exhausted—is one of the most common signs seen in most people who lack iron in their bodies.

Pale Skin

Pale skin is often associated with being sick. Hemoglobin gives skin its rosy color. When red blood cells are low in iron, enough hemoglobin cannot be produced, making cells paler. Hence, the skin looks paler.

Hair Fall

Hair fall that doesn't grow back may indicate iron deficiency. Hair follicles lacking oxygen due to insufficient iron go into a resting phase, causing hair to fall.

Breathlessness

Shortness of breath, even with mild physical activity, can be a result of the body's struggle for oxygen due to iron deficiency anemia.

Cracked Lips

Insufficient iron can lead to Angular Cheilitis, which causes cracks at the corners of the mouth and may interfere with eating, smiling, and speaking.

Spoon Nails

Also known as koilonychia, spoon nails are thin nails that curve upwards. This is a physical sign of long-term iron deficiency.

Pica

Pica is a craving for non-food substances such as clay, dirt, or chalk. This unusual craving is commonly seen in people with severe iron deficiency and in symptoms of anemia after childbirth.

Sore Muscles

Iron-deficient individuals may feel achiness after mild exertion because their muscles do not recover well without adequate oxygen supply.

Swollen Tongue

A swollen and painful tongue, or glossitis, can make it difficult to chew or talk. This occurs because the muscle tissue of the tongue enlarges when oxygen levels are low.

Unusual Tiredness

If you are constantly tired and can't explain why, even after good sleep, it might be due to iron deficiency anemia impairing oxygen supply to your body's cells.

Irregular Heartbeat

Heart palpitations or irregular heartbeat is another warning sign of iron deficiency. The heart works harder to deliver oxygen when hemoglobin is low. Cold hands, anxiety, and repeated infections can also be effects of iron deficiency.

What Causes Iron Deficiency?

There are many effects of iron deficiency, but it helps to understand what causes it:

How to Prevent Iron Deficiency

Iron-Rich Foods

To prevent iron deficiency, include the following foods in your diet:

These are essential in preventing symptoms of anemia after childbirth and low iron symptoms in females.

Enhance Absorption with Vitamin C

Vitamin C helps the body absorb iron more efficiently. Include these foods:

What Happens Due to Iron Deficiency?

What happens due to iron deficiency? If left untreated, it can lead to:

By recognizing the symptoms of iron deficiency in the body and taking proactive steps through diet and medical intervention, you can prevent serious complications. Iron is essential for a healthy, energetic life—don't overlook its importance.

Frequently Asked Questions