What are Canker Sores?

Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are shallow and painful lesions that typically occur inside the mouth. While they can be uncomfortable, most canker sores resolve on their own within a week or two. Let’s delve into the details.


What Causes Canker Sores?

The exact cause of canker sores remains unclear, but several factors may trigger their development:

  • Stress or Anxiety : Emotional stress or anxiety can contribute to canker sore outbreaks.
  • Menstrual Cycle : Some individuals experience canker sores before or during menstruation.
  • Injury : Accidental cheek or lip bites can lead to canker sores.
  • Braces or Dental Appliances : The presence of braces or other dental appliances may irritate oral tissues.
  • Food Allergies : Consuming foods that trigger allergic reactions can lead to canker sores.
  • Acidic Foods or Juices : Citrus fruits or acidic juices (such as orange juice) may contribute to canker sore formation.
  • Nutrient Deficiencies : Low levels of vitamins (e.g., B12, B6, and folic acid) or zinc in the diet may play a role1.

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Symptoms of Canker Sores

The primary symptoms of canker sores are ulcers inside the mouth, on the tongue, or at the base of the gums.

  • Characteristics
    • Red border with a white or yellow centre
    • Shallow at the centre
    • Usually starts with a burning or tingling sensation
  • Additional symptoms

Canker Sores Treatment Options

Common treatment options for canker sores include:

Self-Care Measures

Most minor canker sores do not require specific treatment and heal on their own.

To relieve pain and promote healing

  • Rinse your mouth with salt water or a baking soda solution
  • Apply a small amount of milk of magnesia to the sore several times a day

Mouth Rinses

If you have multiple canker sores, your doctor may prescribe a mouth rinse containing:

  • Steroids to reduce pain and inflammation
  • Lidocaine to alleviate pain

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Topical Products

Over-the-counter or prescription creams, pastes, gels, or liquids can help:

  • Relieve pain
  • Speed up healing when applied to individual sores promptly
  • Main ingredients include benzocaine, fluocinonide, and hydrogen peroxide

Oral Medications

Used for severe or unresponsive cases:

  • Sucralfate (normally used for intestinal ulcers) is a coating agent
  • Colchicine (used for gout) Oral steroids (a last resort due to serious side effects)

Cautery of Sores

  • Debacterol (a topical solution) chemically cauterises canker sores, reducing healing time to about a week.
  • Silver nitrate is another option for chemical cautery but doesn’t necessarily speed healing.

Nutritional Supplements

  • If deficient in nutrients (e.g., folate, vitamin B-6, B-12, or zinc), supplements may be prescribed.

Remember that canker sores usually resolve without complications. However, if you experience unusually large sores or significant interference with daily life, consult a healthcare provider near you for evaluation and management.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How to get rid of canker sores?

To eliminate canker sores, use topical treatments, oral rinses, and over-the-counter pain relievers for immediate relief.

What are home remedies for canker sores?

Home remedies include rinsing with salt water, applying a baking soda paste, and using milk of magnesia, etc.

How long do canker sores take to heal?

Canker sores usually heal in one to two weeks without treatment. Using home remedies will help you recover early. If you have more sores, it's better to visit the doctor nearby.

How to prevent canker sores?

To prevent canker sores, avoid foods that irritate your mouth, manage stress, and maintain good oral hygiene.

What is a canker sore on gums?

A canker sore on gums is a small, painful ulcer that develops on the gum tissue.

How does salt water help to reduce canker sores?

Salt water helps canker sores by reducing inflammation and bacteria, promoting healing.

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